Healthy humans can convert ALA into which of the following?

The correct response is that healthy humans can convert alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) into EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). ALA is a short-chain omega-3 fatty acid found in plant sources, such as flaxseeds and chia seeds. The body can metabolize ALA into longer-chain omega-3 fatty acids, especially through a series of enzymatic reactions that involve desaturation and elongation processes.

EPA and DHA are critical for various bodily functions, including brain health, cardiovascular health, and anti-inflammatory processes. The conversion rate from ALA to EPA and DHA is relatively low in humans, but it is still significant enough to have health implications, particularly for those who may not consume sufficient direct sources of these longer-chain fatty acids, such as fish or fish oil supplements.

Understanding this metabolic pathway is important in the context of dietary recommendations, particularly for individuals following vegetarian or vegan diets, where ALA may be their primary source of omega-3 fatty acids. Acknowledging the body’s ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA helps nutrition coaches provide tailored dietary advice for optimizing omega-3 fatty acid intake.