What are the basic building blocks of protein?

The basic building blocks of protein are amino acids. Proteins are organic compounds made up of long chains of amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds. These amino acids contain an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain that determines the characteristics of each amino acid.

There are 20 different standard amino acids that combine in various sequences to form the thousands of different proteins found in the body. The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the genetic code and influences how that protein will function in biological processes, such as catalyzing reactions, providing structural support, or regulating cell activities.

Understanding the significance of amino acids highlights their crucial role in various physiological functions, including muscle repair, immune response, and hormone production. This foundational knowledge is key for anyone studying nutrition, as it connects directly to how our bodies utilize proteins for overall health and wellness.