What are the Protein Manufacturing Plants of the cell known as?

Ribosomes are known as the protein manufacturing plants of the cell because they are the cellular structures responsible for synthesizing proteins through the process of translation. Ribosomes read the mRNA (messenger RNA) sequences that carry the genetic information from DNA and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains, ultimately forming proteins.

This synthesis is vital for numerous cellular functions, including metabolism, structural support, and regulation of bodily processes. Ribosomes can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they further contribute to protein synthesis and processing.

The other options have distinct roles in the cell: vacuoles mainly function in storage and maintaining turgor pressure, lysosomes are responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris, and mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, generating energy in the form of ATP. Thus, ribosomes uniquely fulfill the critical role of protein production, which is essential for cell function and growth.