What distinguishes non-membranous organelles from membranous ones?

Non-membranous organelles are defined by the absence of a surrounding lipid bilayer, which is a key characteristic that sets them apart from membranous organelles. This lack of a membrane means that non-membranous organelles, such as ribosomes, cytoskeletal elements, and centrioles, are not enclosed in a structure that separates them from the cytoplasm. This structural difference has implications for their function and interaction within the cell.

Membranous organelles, like the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, are enclosed by membranes that serve to compartmentalize cellular processes, create distinct environments, and facilitate communication between organelles. In contrast, the open nature of non-membranous organelles allows them to readily interact with other cellular components and contribute to functions such as protein synthesis and structural support.

The other characteristics mentioned in the options are either not definitive or not exclusive to distinguishing between membranous and non-membranous organelles. For example, the presence of DNA is associated with specific membranous organelles like the nucleus and mitochondria, but not a defining feature of all organelles. The ability to move within the cytoplasm does not differentiate between the two types effectively