What factor can influence the expression of genetic characteristics according to Dr. Williams?

The influence of nutritional status on the expression of genetic characteristics is significant and is underscored by the concept of nutrigenomics, which studies how food interacts with genes. Nutritional status can affect gene expression by providing or limiting essential nutrients that are needed for various biochemical processes. For example, certain vitamins and minerals play crucial roles in DNA synthesis and repair, while macronutrients can influence metabolic pathways and energy homeostasis.

A well-balanced diet can promote optimal health and can also mitigate the risk of developing diet-related chronic diseases, thereby affecting how genetic predispositions manifest as actual traits or conditions. Conversely, a poor nutritional status may lead to deficiencies that can adversely affect gene expression, potentially leading to health issues. Thus, understanding the impact of nutrition on gene expression can help in tailoring dietary recommendations to support health, considering an individual's genetic background.