What is DNA primarily responsible for in a cell?

DNA is primarily responsible for storing information to code for proteins. It serves as the genetic blueprint for an organism, containing the instructions necessary for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living things. Each segment of DNA, known as a gene, specifies how to build particular proteins, which play critical roles in virtually all cellular processes, including enzymatic reactions, structural functions, and signaling pathways.

The information encoded in DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which then undergoes translation to produce proteins. This process is fundamental to expressing genetic information, illustrating why the role of DNA in coding for proteins is essential for life.

While other options mention important cellular functions, they do not directly reflect the primary role of DNA. For instance, RNA’s information is derived from DNA but does not encapsulate the essential coding function of DNA itself. Similarly, regulating cell division and maintaining cellular homeostasis are crucial processes, but they involve various other molecules and mechanisms beyond just the DNA sequence.