What is the key component of DNA?

The key component of DNA is deoxyribose, which is a sugar that forms part of the backbone of the DNA molecule. In the structure of DNA, deoxyribose is attached to phosphate groups and nitrogenous bases, creating a nucleotide. This arrangement is crucial because it maintains the integrity and stability of the DNA double helix.

Unlike ribose, which is found in RNA, deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom, differentiating the two types of nucleic acids. The structure of deoxyribose contributes to the overall stability of DNA, making it less reactive compared to RNA, which allows DNA to serve as a reliable repository of genetic information.

Other sugars such as fructose and sucrose are not components of DNA. Fructose is a simple sugar commonly found in plants, while sucrose is a disaccharide formed from glucose and fructose. These sugars have different roles in biochemistry and do not participate in the structure of DNA. Therefore, deoxyribose stands out as the correct answer, highlighting its essential function in the genetic framework of living organisms.