What term refers to the relative reduction of sodium concentration in relation to body water?

The term that describes the relative reduction of sodium concentration in relation to body water is hyponatremia. This condition occurs when there is an excess of water relative to sodium in the body, leading to a dilution of sodium levels in the blood.

In hyponatremia, the body retains excess water, which lowers the sodium concentration below the normal range, typically defined as less than 135 mmol/L. This can happen in various scenarios, such as excessive fluid intake, certain medical conditions, or specific medications that affect renal function.

Hypernatremia, on the other hand, refers to an elevated sodium concentration due to a relative deficit of water, leading to dehydration. Normonatremia indicates that sodium levels are within the normal range, while hypertension is related to high blood pressure and not sodium concentration. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for recognizing electrolyte imbalances and their implications for health.