What type of transport involves the movement of substances across a membrane by changing the shape of transport proteins using energy from ATP?

The type of transport described involves the use of energy from ATP to change the shape of transport proteins, which facilitates the movement of substances across a membrane. This process is referred to as Primary Active Transport.

In this mechanism, ATP is hydrolyzed to provide the energy necessary for the transport proteins to change conformation, allowing substances to move against their concentration gradients. This is crucial for maintaining essential concentrations of ions and molecules inside and outside the cells, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium ions.

Primary Active Transport is fundamental in various physiological processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and maintaining osmotic balance. The specificity of the transport proteins also ensures that certain substances can be moved efficiently and effectively.

The other types of transport—Facilitated Diffusion, Secondary Active Transport, and Passive Transport—do not involve the direct use of ATP for the movement of substances in the same manner that Primary Active Transport does. Facilitated Diffusion and Passive Transport rely on concentration gradients to move substances without energy expenditure, while Secondary Active Transport, although it can also move substances against a gradient, relies on the energy created by the primary active transport of another substance instead of ATP directly.